(4aii)
Clay soil

(4aiii)
Clay soil

(4aiv)
Loamy soil

(4b)
(Pick Any Four)
(i) Clean clearing practice
(ii) overgrazing
(iii) bush burning
(iv) Tillage practice
(v) Deforestation

(4c)
(Pick Any Three)
(i)The action of volcanoes which releases carbon dioxide
(ii) Burning of fuel like coal and wood
(iii) The respiration by plant and animals
(iv) The death ,decay and putrefaction of plants and animals
(v) Diffusion of carbon dioxide from seas and other bodies of water,acting as reservoir of carbon dioxide

(4d)
(Pick Any Five)
(i) It occupies good land(space) that could have been used for planting.
(ii)They hinder the passage of machines like tractors.
(iii) They are prone to fully erosion.
(iv) It requires frequent maintenance.
(v) It increases the cost of crop production.
(vi) It is expensive and difficult to establish.

(5b)
(Pick Any Three)
(i) some beneficial insects and soil organisms may be destroyed.
(ii) The chemical used may be toxic to man and domestic animals
(iii) It may leave. undesirable residue in the environment.
(iv)Pest may develop resistance to chemical.
(v) some are washed out of soil to rivers and streams where they can endanger aquatic life and cause pollution .

(5ci)
Soil requirements:
(i) Deep , fertile well drained laomy soil
(ii) loose and friable with high water retention
(ii)Cocoa grows best in areas with 1140 – 2000mm annual rainfall, well distributed most of the year
(iii)Needs constant supply of moisture

(5cii)
Method of propagation:
(i) By seeds
(ii) Vegetatively by budding and stem cutting

(5ciii)
Planting date:
Nursery is done October to January. Field(transplanting) between April and June

(5iv)
Spacing:
(i)Nursery : 20cm × 20cm
(ii)Field : 3m × 3m

(5v)
Two stage of processing:
(i) Breaking of pods: The pods are carefully opened with a blunt cutlass or by hitting them with heavy rod to remove from the cocoa beans

(ii) Fermentation: Cocoa beans can be fermented by using the sweat box or tray method for about five days. During the fermentation process, cocoa beans undergo chemical changes brought by the action of heat.

(5d)
(Pick Any Four)
(i) weeds cause losses in crop yield.
(ii) Reduce the quality of crop products.
(iii)weeds lead to increased cost of farm operations thereby leasing to inefficiency of farm operations.
(iv) form alternative hosts for pest.
(v) certain weeds are poisonous and hence kill animals that feed on them.
(vi) Reduce the quality of crop products.

(6b)
(Pick Any Three)
(i) Persistence
(ii) Aggressiveness
(iii) Resistance to Trampling
(iv) seed viability
(v) Resistance to Drought
(vi) Pests and diseases

(6ci)
(Pick Any Two)
(i) established private horticultural garden
(ii) government – owned horticultural centres
(iii) private houses and offices
(iv) imported ornamental trees and flowers
(v) Resort or recreational centres
(vi) higher institutions’ botanical gardens’ .

(6cii)
(Pick Any Three)
(i) provision of shade
(ii) Regular watering
(iii) Regular weeding
(iv) fertilizer application
(v)Regular pruning

(6di)
Causal organism:
It is caused by a fungus phytophthora spp

(6dii)
One symptom:
(Pick any one)
(i) rottening of the bark near the ground
(ii) drying and cracking of bark
(iii)Leaves turn yellow and begin to die back

(6diii)
Mode of transmission:
It is spread by air and through the soil.

(7b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) coccidiosis
(ii) Enteritis
(iii) Ear canker mange
(iv) Helminthiasis
(v) Ringworm
(vi) Sore hock
(vii) Mastitis

(7c)
(Pick Any Three)
(i)it is easier and less expensive than t mating since the farmer is saved the expense of maintaning a herd of male animals.
(ii)It is easier and cheaper to import the semen of exotic breeds rather than the male animals themselves.
(iii)It makes it possible to use the best male animal to a large extent.
(iv)It is possible to service many females of different sizes leading to the production of many offsprings.

(7d)
(Pick Any Four)
(i) Regular feeding
(ii)Deweeding of the pond
(iii) control of predators
(iv) Regular application of fertilizer
(v) constant supply of water
(vi) Regular harvesting of matured fish

(7ei)
(Pick Any One)
(i) Traditional method of bee keeping
(ii) Modern method of bee keeping

(7eii)
(Pick Any Two)
(i) location of apiaries far from human dwellings
(ii) putting warning symbols near apiaries
(iii) wearing of protection clothing
(iv) use of smokers

(10b)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) A good extension worker must have the native intelligence to be original in his thoughts, words and actions
(ii) A good extension worker must be patient and able to inspire the rural farmers to achieve the goals.
(iii) A good extension worker must have initiative to tackle problems himself before referring them to supervisor.
(iv)A good extension worker must possess good communication skills.
(v)A good extension worker must have respect for culture and Traditions.
(vi)A good extension worker should be able to attend all pre-arranged meetings, seminars workshops etc promptly

(10c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Cooperative societies
(ii) Marketing/commodity boards
(iii) wholesalers) Distributor
(iv) Individual/private middlemen
(v) Retailers
(vi) Producers/Farmers