(9b)
(Pick Any Four)
(i)Price
(ii) The price of other commodities
(iii) income of the consumer
(iv) changes in taste of consumer
(v) population
(vi) Period of festival
(vii) Expectation of change in price
(viii) Taxation

EXPLANATION:

(i)Price: The higher the price of any commodity, the lower the quantity that will be demanded and vice versa.

(ii)The price of other commodities: This applies to commodities that have close substitutes. If the price of such a commodity is high the consumer may demand for the close substitute.

(iii) Income of the consumer: The higher the income of a consumer, the higher the quantity of commodities that he/she will demand for and vice versa.

(iv) Changes in taste of consumer: If consumers change their taste for a particular commodity, the demand for that commodity will also change.

(v) Population: Increase in population in an area will lead to high demand for commodities and vice

(vi) Periods of festival: It is well known that people demand more of specific commodities during certain festivals.

(vii) Expectation of changes in price: If Do people expect that there will be high prices of in the nearest future, demand will increase and vice versa.

Another Version of no.4
(4)
(Pick Any Five)
(i) Production: The study of economics assists us to determine what to produce, when to produce , factors of production and how to produce goods and services required to satisfy human wants.The technique for solving those problems come within the framework of the Economics discipline.

(ii) satisfaction of wants: The study of economics helps us to utilise the principles of choice, opportunity cost ,scale of preference etc inorder to satisfy human wants. Study of economics becomes more of a practical necessity and a moral obligation since economics issues and problems touch upon the daily lives of all human being.

(iii) Rational decision: A study o Economics enables the individual to contribute his quota towards increasing the well being of society. Economics enables the individuals to choose certain wants among the numerous needs using scare resources

(iv) Provision of tools: The study of economics provides basic tools for analysing economic problems among individuals,firms and government.It helps the individual to build up a body of economics principles and equips him with the tools of economic analysis which will enable him to understand current issues and problems confronting society.

(v) Development of programmes and planning: Study of Economics enables the government to develop certain programmes that are beneficial to the people. Economics assists planners in planning for development. They are able to out into practice, those techniques and principles learnt in economics, which would help to accelerate economic development.

(6b)
(Pick Any Four)
(i)Act of Parliament: This is a legal instrument by government, conferring special monopoly on some organisations to produce or supply certain goods or services, e.g. public corporations.

(ii)Patent Law: This law confers on a firm special privilege to protect its new invention and it tends to scare away other competitors.

(iii) Level of technology: When a firm develops high level of technology,which makes goods cheaper, this may force other competitors out of production

(iv) Effective advertising: The success of a firm in effective advertising may force other competitors out of business

(v) protection of public interest: Deliberate effort to protect public interest by government may confer certain monopoly on some firms e.g power holding company