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Biology 2 (Essay) 9:30am. –11:10am.
Biology 1 (Objective) 11:10am. –12:00noon.

BIOLOGY OBJ:
1-10: CBABDABCDB
11-20: CDDACBBAAB
21-31: CBCCCBABAD
31-40: BCDCDDBDDA
41-50: BDADCABCDD

NOTE: You are to answer 3 questions in all. Two from section A and then one question in section B.
-Section A contains nos 1-4
-Section B has only number 6 (for Naija)

(1)

(1a)
(i) Plasma
(ii) Red blood cell
(iii) White blood cell
(iv) Platelets

(1b)
(i) Plasma
(ii) White blood cells
(iii) Red blood cells
(iv) Platelets
(v) Red blood cells
(vi) Platelets
(vii) White blood cells

(1c)
(i) Amino acids
(ii) Glucose
(iii) Mineral salts and water

(1d)
(i) Anemia
(ii) Haemophilia
(iii) Blood clots
(iv) Leukemia

(1e) Disease of the blood is dangerous because it can lead to other issues and consequently death.

(2)

(2a)
Dentition refers to the development of teeth and their arrangement in the mouth of animals

(2b)
The tooth consists of three main portions namely; The crown, neck and root. The crown is above the gum covered with a white hard substance called enamel. The short neck is covered with gum. The root is embedded in the jaw bone by a substance called cement or cementum

(2c)
(i)Proteins
(ii)Fats
(iii)cellulose

(2d)

(3)

(3a)
IN A TABULA FORM

DECOMPOSER:
-Bacteria
-Mushroom
-Mucor

PRODUCER:
-Water lettuce
-Water leaf
-Algae Lema

CONSUMER:
-Dog
-Tadpole
-Cat

(3bi)
(i)CO₂
(ii)Water
(iii)Energy
(iv)Plant Nutrients

(3bii)
(i)Decomposer prevent accumulation of dead organisms
(ii)Increase soil fertility
(iii)Helps to break down biodegradable items

(3c)
(i)Non-biodegradable item
(ii)Metals
(iii)Bones

(6)

(6a)
IN A TABULA FORM

PROCESS:
(i)Combustion
(ii)Precipitation
(iii)Lighting

NUTRIENT CYCLE:
(i)Carbon
(ii)Water
(iii)Nitrogen

OTHER PROCESSES:
(i)Decay, decomposition, respiration
(ii)Evaporation, transpiration, respiration
(iii)Artificial fertilizers, Nitrogen fixing, denitrification

(6bi)
Irritability is the ability of living things to respond to changes in external and internal stimuli such as light

(6bii)
TYPES OF RESPONSE
(i)Positive phototaxis
(ii)Thigmotropism
(iii)Negative phototaxis
(iv)Chemtropism (positive chemotaxis)
(v)Nastic
(vi)Phototropism

(6ci)
TERRITORIALITY:
(i) Birds
(ii) Bees
(iii) Cougar

(6cii)
SEASONAL MIGRATION:
(i) Dragon flies
(ii) Butterflies
(iii) Northern elephant

(6ciii)
DISPLAY:
(i) Lizard
(ii) Poultry birds
(iii) Humans

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Animal Husbandry (AlternativeB) 2 (Essay) 2:00pm.–4:00pm.
Animal Husbandry (AlternativeB) 1 (Objective) 4:00pm.–4:40pm.

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY:
1-10: CAAADCDBBA
11-20: BACBADDBAC
21-30: ABBCCBDABD
31-40: ABCCDABBBD

(6ai)
Brooding is defined as the management of chicks which involves the natural or artificial provision of heat and other necessary care to chicks until they are about six weeks old

(6aii)
(i) Proper sanitation
(ii) Ensuring of adequate light
(iii) Adequate feeding
(iv) Medication and vaccination

(6b)
(i) Blood loss which, if substantial, can lead to anaemia and death.
(ii) It causes diarrhoea which, if severe, can lead also to death.
(iii) It reduces appetite of farm animals, resulting in debilitated animals that are more susceptible to other diseases.
(iv) Internal parasites often interfere with digestion and assimilation of food, causing poor growth.

(6c)
(i) Avoid grazing high risk pastures
(ii) Avoid co-grazing
(iii) Regular faecal samples should be taken from sheep to determine the liver fluke burden on the farm

(6di)
Artificial insemination is the process of collecting sperm cells from a male animal and manually depositing them into the reproductive tract of a female.

(6dii)
(i) There is no need of maintenance of breeding bull for a herd; hence the cost of maintenance of breeding bull is saved.
(ii) It prevents the spread of certain diseases and sterility due to genital diseases
(iii) It increases the rate of conception
(iv) It helps in maintaining the accurate breeding records.

(5ai)
Scalding: This is the process of treating carcasses with hot water or steam to loosen the hair or feather in the follicle to aid their removal.

(5aii)
Singeing: This is a major process by which fur on the skin of the animals are removed making the hide of the carcass ready for consumption and also evoke flavors in the meat which are acceptable to the consumer.

(5aiii)
Evisceration: This is a method of autotomy involving the removal of internal organs used by animals as a defensive strategy.

(5b)
[Pick Any FOUR] (i) Media/advertiser
(ii) Exporters
(iii) Wholesaler
(iv) Co-operative society
(v) Market boards
(vi) Retailers

(5c)
[Pick Any Five] (i)Researching function
(ii)Promotion function
(iii)Production function
(iv)product development and management function
(v)Distribution function
(vi)Risk bearing function

(5d)
(i) Dung stage
(ii) Pasture stage
(iii) Host stage

(5e)
[pick any two] (i)Selection
(ii)Introduction
(iii)Breeding

(1a)
(i)Keep provision for the entrance of fresh air.
(ii)Provide clean, fresh water for the birds at least twice daily.
(iii)Adjust the temperature as per the requirement of the chicks.
(iv)Daily inspect the condition of birds and their faces for any sort of abnormality.
(v)Keep the brooder in such a place that cold wind and rain does not get in.

(1bi)
Deworming is the getting rid or expelling of parasitic worms within the birds’ system by giving the birds anthelmintic drugs like dewormer.

(ii)Culling is the identification and removal of birds that do not possess the qualities for giving enough benefit in return for their culture.

(iii)Debeaking is the partial removal of the beak of poultry to avoid cannibalism.

(iv)Delousing is defined as the use of any Physical or chemical means to get rid of lice.

(1c)
(i)Drooped wings.
(ii)Feather loss (unless birds are going through a natural moult).
(iii)Abnormal droppings.
(iv)Dull and/or closed eyes

(4a)
(i) It serves as a source of income
(ii) It generates high-quality food products such as meat, egg, milk, cheese
(iii) It generates employment opportunities
(iv) It can help a country to generate foreign exchange earnings through the export of livestock products.

(4bi)
[Pick Any SIX] (i) Mouth
(ii) Vestibule
(iii) Oesophagus
(iv) Stomach
(v) Small intestine
(vi) Caecum
(vii) Large intestine
(viii) Anus

(4bii)
[Pick Any TWO] (i) It helps in absorption of food eg: Small intestine
(ii) It helps in secretion of digestive enzymes
(iii) Stomach as part of alimentary canal secretes gastric juice containing hydrochloric acid which destroys harmful bacteria in the stomach.

(4ci)
[Pick Any FOUR] (i) Liver helps with bile production
(ii) Excretion of bilirubin, cholesterol and hormones
(iii) Metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.
(iv) It helps in enzyme activation.
(vi) Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals.
(vii) Synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin, and clotting factors
(viii) Blood detoxification and purification

(4cii)
(i) Liver fluke
(ii) Schistosoma

(4d)
[Piick Any TWO] (i) Goat has four-compartment stomach while rabbits have a monogastric digestive system
(ii) Goat posseses reticulum while it is absence in a rabbit
(iii) Goat has rumen while rabbit does not.

ANSWERS LOADING….

Computer Studies 2 (Essay) 2:00pm. –3:00pm.
Computer Studies 1 (Objective) 3:00pm. –4:00pm.

COMPUTER STUDIES:
1-10: BCACCBCBDC
11-20: BABAAACADD
21-30: DCDBCCAABD
31-40: AADBDBBBBA
41-50: ABABACACDC

(1a)
Reports in a database are the reports created from a culmination of queried data visualized for the purposes of analysis, data discovery, and decision-making. In other words database reports can be created through traditional BI platforms and embedded BI platforms through front-end calls to a backend database.

(1b)
(i) Tables
(ii) chart
(iii) JSON document
(iv) Graph

(1c)
(i) Select the report that you want to print.
(ii) Click File
(iii) Then click Print.
(iv) On the Print area of the File options, click the Print option to open the Print dialog box.
(v) Change the page format setup or other print options or printer selection as needed.
(vi) And then click OK to print your report.

(4ai)
Computer graphics is a sub-field of computer science which studies methods for digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual content. In other words although the term often refers to the study of three-dimensional computer graphics, it also encompasses two-dimensional graphics and image processing.

(4aii)
(i)Computer Art
(ii)Computer aided drawing.

(4bii)
Interactive Fill tool: Interactive Fill tool to color the fish modified in other videos. To apply an interactive fill, click the Interactive Fill tool, click an object, and then drag. To change the fill colors, drag colors from the color palette to the square handles or to the fill path.

(4biii)
Texture Fill tool: A texture fill tool is a randomly generated fill that you can use to give your objects a natural appearance. You can use existing texture fills, such as water, minerals, and clouds, or you can edit a texture to create your own texture fill. You can use colors from any color model or palette.

(4iii)
Evenlope Tool: Envelope Tool is used to create and manipulate “control points” at various points in the track. The control points then determine its volume changes over time.

(4iv)
Extrude Tool: The Extrude tool is used in conjunction with an existing 2D shape or shapes in the scene. It allows you to create an extruded 3D shape from the selected 2D shape by defining various parameters.

(2a)
First, convert AB1¹⁶ into decimal, by using above steps:
= AB1¹⁶
= A × 162B × 1611 × 160
= 273710
Now, we have to convert 273710 to octal
2737 / 8 = 342 with remainder 1
342 / 8 = 42 with remainder 6
42 / 8 = 5 with remainder 2
5 / 8 = 0 with remainder 5
Then just write down the remainders in the reverse order to get the answer, The hexadecimal number AB1 converted to octal is therefore is equal to 5261

(2b)
Decimal equivalent of “1” = 1 × 3^1 = 3
Decimal equivalent of “1” = 1 × 3^2 = 9
Decimal equivalent of “0” = 0 × 3^3 = 0
Decimal equivalent of “1” = 1 × 3^4 = 81
Decimal equivalent of “1” = 1 × 3^5 = 243
Decimal equivalent of “110111” = 243810931
110111 = 337
Now we will convert the fractional part 0.101 to decimal form (Don’t forget that we start from tenths palce to so on..):
Decimal equivalent of “1” = 1 × 3^-1 = 0.33333333333333
Decimal equivalent of “0” = 0 × 3^-2 = 0
Decimal equivalent of “1” = 1 × 3^-3 = 0.037037037037037
Decimal equivalent of “0.101” = 0.3333333333333300.037037037037037
0.101 = 0.37037037037037
Here is the final answer, The ternary number 110111.101 converted to decimal is therefore equal to:
= 110111.1013
= 33710 + 0.3703703703703710
= 337.3703703703703710

(2c)
First, convert 5078 into decimal, by using above steps:
= 5078
= 5 × 820 × 817 × 80
= 32710
Now, we have to convert 32710 to binary
327 / 2 = 163 with remainder 1
163 / 2 = 81 with remainder 1
81 / 2 = 40 with remainder 1
40 / 2 = 20 with remainder 0
20 / 2 = 10 with remainder 0
10 / 2 = 5 with remainder 0
5 / 2 = 2 with remainder 1
2 / 2 = 1 with remainder 0
1 / 2 = 0 with remainder 1
101000111²

Answers Loading…

Essay & Objective – English Language – 10:00am–12:45pm

Paper IV: Test of Orals – English Language – 1:00pm-1:45pm

ENGLISH OBJ:
1-10: EBEDCBABDE
11-20: AACABBDDEA
21-30: BDEBDBDBBC
31-40: EDAEECABDD
41-50: DBAABBEBBA
51-60: BDAACECCAA
61-70: DDCEBECDEB
71-80: BDDCAEEBAC
81-90: ADDABCADEB
91-100: CCEDDEEDCD

ORAL ENGLISH:
1-10: EEBABBACBB
11-20: DBACEDCCDC
21-30: ABCEACDEEB
31-40: BAACCBDCCC
41-50: BDDCDDBDED
51-60: ECACDAEDDD

(5a)
They had an incompetent geography teacher.

(5b)
He never believed that such number of students could dislike geography.

(5c)
The dream of becoming a pilot.

(5d)
The principal was merely building castle in the air as students had no pleasure in the subject.

(5e)
(i) Adjectival clause.
(ii) It qualifies the noun “Guidance Counsellor”.

(5f)
They discovered that “Water Meandering” which their old teacher had repeatedly taught them was not even a topic on its own in geography.

(5g)
Teachers should be allowed to handle subjects of their expertise.

(5h)
(i) Retrospectively – back
(ii) Thunderous – deafening
(iii) Zeal – passion
(iv) Specialist – expert
(v) entreaties – appeals
(vi) Scratch – beginning

(6a)
(i) The Nigerian sports representatives were inadequately prepared in the 2012 Olympic games.
(ii) They were also poorly motivated.

(6b)
(i) National sports commission should adopt early preparations for special competitions.
(ii) They should also organize youth programmes to train and churn out experts in sporting activities.

(6c)
The developments that hindered the implementation of the resolutions reached at the summit are:
(i) The replacement of the sports minister.
(ii) Lack of financial commitment in other sports activities.

(1)
There was a country long time ago where the people would change a king every year. The person who would become the king had to agree to a contract that he would be sent to an island after his one year of being a king. One king finished his term and it was time for him to go to the island and live there.
The people dressed him up in expensive clothes and put him on an elephant and took him around the cities to say goodbye to all the people. This was the moment of sadness for all the kings who ruled for one year. After saying farewell, the people took the king with a boat to Remote Island and left him there.
On their way back, they discovered a ship that had sunk just recently. They saw a young man who survived by holding on to a floating piece of wood.
As they needed a new king, they picked up the young man and took him to their country. They requested him to be a king for a year. First he refused but later he agreed to be a king.

People told him about all the rules and regulations and that how he will be sent to an island after one year. After three days of being a king, he asked the ministers if they could show him the island where all the other kings were sent. They agreed and took him to the island. The island was covered with thick Jungles and sounds of vicious animals were heard coming out of them. The king went little bit inside to check. Soon he discovered the dead bodies of all the past kings. He understood that as soon as they were left in the island, the animals came and killed them.
The king went back to the country and collected 100 strong workers. He took them to the island and instructed them to clean the Jungle, remove all the deadly animals & cut down all excess trees.
He would visit the island every month to see how the work was progressing. In the first month, all the animals were removed and many trees were cut down. In the second month, the whole island was cleaned out. The king then told the workers to plant gardens in various parts of the island. He also took with himself useful animals like chickens, ducks, birds, goats, cows etc.

In the third month, he ordered the workers to build big houses and docking stations for ships.
Over the months, the island turned into a beautiful place. The young king would wear simple clothes and spend very little from his earnings as a king. He sent all the earnings to the island for storage. When nine months passed like this, the king called the ministers and told them:

“I know that I have to go the island after one year, but I would like to go there right now.”

But the ministers didn’t agree to this and said that he has to wait for another 3 months to complete the year.

3 months passed and now it was a full year.
The people dressed up the young king and put him on an elephant to take him around the country to say goodbye to others. However, this king is unusually happy to leave the kingdom.

People asked him, “All the other kings would cry at this moment and why are you laughing?”

He replied, “Don’t you know what the wise people say? They say that when you came to this world as a baby, you were crying and everyone was smiling.

Live such a life that when you are dying, you will be smiling and everyone around you will be crying.

I have lived that life.

While all the other kings were lost into the luxuries of the kingdom, I always thought about the future and planned for it.

I turned the deadly island into a beautiful abode for me where I can stay peacefully.”

The moral lesson from this story is about how we should live our life.

Always prevention is better than cure…..

The life of this world is to prepare for the life hereafter.

In this life, we shouldn’t get lost into the deceiving and attractive things of this world and forget about what is to come in the afterlife.
Life is beautiful… Live it as it is…

(4)

Dear Abosede,

How are you doing? I heard with great displeasure of your suspension from school. I returned back to school today following my ill-health. I searched frantically for you during assembly and break times, only to be told you have been suspended when I asked. I know you very well, so I know it is not in your nature to do that which you have been accused of – truancy? Something must surely be wrong somewhere!

Well, from the information gathered, you were seen on several occasions in town during school hours, after which a report was made to your parents. Your parents came to find out that you were never captured on the school register throughout that period. How could this be? Are you seeing someone secretly? Why did you have to make it during school hours? I find it very difficult to believe, yet I must let you know you are very wrong.
The news has filtered into the ears of every girl in the school, and I really don’t know how you will handle the shame when your suspension is lifted and you return.

If there is anything personal bothering you, now is the best time to talk to someone about it. My mum always tells me that as girls, we must not live careless lives; that of the two genders, we are more easily affected by mistakes associated with sexuality and other kinds of lust – so, please this attitude must stop. If you are not comfortable talking with your parents, please come see my Mum. She is a lovely person. I shall come to pay you a visit by the weekend.
I miss you!

Answers Loading…

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ENGLISH ESSAY QUESTIONS

You are required to answer only one question from this section. Your answer should not be less than 450 words. All questions carry equal marks. You are advised to spend about 45 minutes on this section.

1. Write a story to illustrate the saying: Prevention is better than cure

2. Write an article suitable for publication in your school magazine on ways of improving reading culture among students.

3. You are a chief speaker in a debate on the topic: Our Forefathers Upheld our Cultural Values more than this Generation. Write your argument for or against the motion.

4. Your best friend has just been suspended from school for truancy. Write a letter to him/her expressing your displeasure and advising him/her to turn a new leaf.

Objective & Essay – Biology – 10:00am–12:30pm

BIOLOGY OBJ:
1-10: ECCECDBBBD
11-20: BCAEBECEEB
21-30: EECDCDCECE
31-40: ADBDCCCCBA
41-50: CDDDEADCEA
51-60: EBDADACBBB

NOTE: YOUR ARE TO ANSWER THREE(3) QUESTIONS ONLY.
———COMPLETED———

BONUS

(4ai)
Aestivation is the mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in the floral bud with respect to the other members of the same whorl.

(4aii)
(i)Nose for smelling
(ii)Eyes for seeing
(iii)Tongue for tasting
(iv)Ear for hearing 

(4aiii)
When a person spin around rapidly, that liquid in the inner ear spins as well. When the person stops spinning the liquid keeps moving for a bit, confusing your brain into thinking that the person is still spinning even when the person is standing still and that causes the feeling  dizziness after spinning around the stationary object.

(4bi)
Neuron; transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells. 

(4bii)
cerebrum; initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature

(4biii)
Mendulla Oblongata; passes messages between your spinal cord and brain. 

(4biv)
cerebellum; coordinates voluntary movements

(4ci)
Tabulate;
(i)tropic the effect is more or less permanent while Nastic movements are temporary and reversible. 

(ii)Stimuli for the tropic movements are unidirectional and never diffuse while The stimuli for the Nastic movements may be unidirection or diffuse. 

(iii)Movement in tropic movements is directional  while Nastic movements is non directional 

(4cii)
(i)Contains chlorophyll Absorbs light

(ii)Stomata Allows carbon dioxide to move by diffusion into the leaf

(iii)Guard cells To open and close the stomata depending on the conditions
========================

(1a)
Animals move from one place to another
-In search of food.
-In search of mates
-In search of shelter
-To escape from enemies or predators

(1b)
(i)Phloem conducts food substances downward to other tissue in the root of plants.
(ii)Leaf helps plants to transpire and undergo photosynthesis
(iii)Xylem transports water and dissolved mineral salts upwards through the vascular bundle.
(iv)The primary function of a flower is for reproduction

(1ci)
-Small or no leaves to prevent evaporation
-Thorns for protection against animals seeking stored water
-Ability to absorb water whenever available

(1cii)
-It ensures that the diploid condition of the cell is retained from generation to generation.
-As cells undergo mitotic division, growth occurs.

(1di)
Light rays from an object enter the eye through the cornea. The light rays are refracted by the convex cornea and passed through the aqueous humour which further bends the light rays before entering the lens through the pupil. The lens further bends the light rays and focuses them on the retina.
The light rays are converted into electrical impulse, which are sent through the optic nerve to the optic lobes of the brain where they are correctly interpreted.

(1dii)
-Evidence from comparative anatomy.
-Evidence from vestigial organs
-Evidence from fosils

==================================

(2a)
(Pick any two)
(i) The sclera or sclerotic layer
(ii) Cornea
(iii) Choroid or Middle layer
(iv) Conjuctiva

(2bi)
Excretion: Excretion is simply defined as the elimination of waste products of metabolism from the body of an organism. In order word ,excretion is also defined as the process by which waste products of metabolism are removed from the body of living thing.

(2bii)
Competition: competition is defined as the interaction between members of the same population or species ,occupying the same trophic level, to obtain mutually needed resources that are short in supply in their environment.

(2biii)
Deforestation: Deforestation is the permanent removal of a forest or stand of trees from land which is then converted to a non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use.

(2c)

(2d)
(pick Any four)
(i)Salting
(ii)pickling
(iii)smoking
(iv)canning
(v)Bottling
(vi)Pasteurization
(vii)sterilization

================================

(3)

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Waec Biology 2021 Answers

WAEC 2021 RUNZ

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