Waec Geography Answers 2022 (Essay & Objective)

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Waec Geography Answers 2022

Geography 2 (Essay) – 09:30am – 11:30am
Geography 1(Objective) – 11:30am – 12:30pm


GEOGRAPHY OBJ:

1-10: ADBCACCBBD

11-20: ADDDCDCACA

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21-30: CBDCADCDDD

31-40: AACBDDDACC

41-50: ABCCDCDDBC


 

(3a)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) A small labour force made up of mainly the family members is employed
(ii) Small quantities of articles are produced
(iii)Less capital intensive
(iv)Irregular hours of work
(v) Prices of products are negotiable as it uses simple tools
(vi)Irregular income and uses local raw materials mainly.

(3b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) The Local Craft industries are often affected by lack of raw materials which hinders the production.
(ii) Poor patronage from the indigenes as a result of poor finishing and low purchasing power.
(iii) Lack of modern equipment to reduce the physical human labour in order to increase production.
(iv) Problem of transportation to bring the finished products from where that are produced in the interior to the markets in the urban centers.

(3c)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i)High level of technology: The increase for high volume of trade between developing and advanced countries is due to the high level of technology in the latter.

(ii)High level of savings: The high level of savings in developed countries makes production cheaper; hence they can easily export their products to developing countries.

(iii)Colonial ties: The inclination of some developing countries to their colonial masters has helped to increase the volume of trade between the nations.

(iv)Differences in import duties: There are higher differences in import duties imposed on imported goods in both countries.

(v)Differences in prices of goods: There are higher differences in prices of goods produced by both countries in order to earn foreign exchange. Foreign goods are cheaper than local ones.

(vi)Preference for imported goods: Developing countries like Nigeria has preference for goods produced by advanced countries; hence, the high volume of trades


(4)



(2)

 


 

(5a)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Root and tuber crops
(ii)Cereal crops
(iii)Berry
(iv) Cash crop

(5b)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i)It is very common in rural areas with abundant farmlands.
(ii) It involves small holdings of farmlands.
(iii) Food crops like yam, cassava and maize are grown.
(iv)Farmlands are left to fallow after one or two years of cultivation.
(v) A farmer returns to the farmland after a fallow period of 2-5 years.
(vi) It uses slash or burn method for land preparations.
(vii) It does not involve the cultivation of cash crops like cocoa, rubber and oil palm.
(viii)Bush fallowing is practised where population is very low.
(ix) Produce is usually very low and there is little or none for sale.

(5c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) It leads to wastage of land which could have been used by allowing it to lie fallow
(ii) It leads to land fragmentation due to increase in population
(iii)It allows for cultivation of only one seasonal crops like maize,rice and millet
(iv) It does not lead to mechanisation of farms i.e it does not allow for large scale mechanised farming
(v)It results in poor yield resulting from shorter fallow period as population
(vi)It leads to soil erosion when soil is exhausted and it destroys valuable forest resources like timber.

(1a)
(i)Road Transportation
(ii)Rail Transportation
(iii)Water Transportation
(iv)Air Transportation

(1b)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) To supply raw materials to other parts of the country e.g East African railway.
(ii) To link important cities and facilitate movement of people e.g. Abidjan Ouagadougou.
(iii) To link different regions, thus, promoting inter-regional trade e.g. North and South of Nigeria.
(iv) To open up new areas for major crop production e.g Jos- Maiduguri
(v)To tap resources such as agricultural,mineral and forest. For example , rail network such as Minna,Laura Namoda rail network
(vi) For the purpose of administration.
(vii) For postal services.

(1c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i)Deliberate effort should be made towards the expansion of the Raul network ,inorder to generate growth in the economy. Effort should be geared towards improvement of the efficiency of the rail network

(ii) Government should make capital available to railway authorities to enhance efficiency. Training and retraining of personnel should be undertaken from time to time

(iii) Development of international rail transport system should be embarked upon to spur international trade. There should be improved management techniques: new innovations in management should be encouraged.

(iv)Adoption of standard gauges is very important , so as to enhance operational efficiency.Also There should be Faster engines and coaches to facilitate east and quick movement.

(v)There should be embarkment to check steep gradients, uniform gauges should be adopted, double tracks should be constructed and There should also be improved communication system.

 

 

Version 2 of (Number 1)



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Previous Waec Geography 2022 Answers from  us

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INSTRUCTION: ANSWER ANY FOUR(4) QUESTIONS.

TWO(2) FROM SECTION A & TWO(2) FROM SECTION B.

GOOD LUCK
==================================================

(1a)
Optimum population can be defined as the number of people that can be supported by the available resources in an area, so as to achieve the highest possible standard of living.

(1bi)
Overpopulation: Overpopulation is defined as a situation whereby the population is considered too large for the available resources, for people to enjoy the highest possible standard of living. In other words, overpopulation refers to a situation where the population exceeds the available resources. Overpopulation provides large labour force for industries. It is also a source of large market for the goods produced by the industries.

(1bii)
Mortality rate: Mortality rate is also known as Death rate. It refers to the rate at which people (both adults and children) die in a country. Generally, high death rate leads to population decrease or low population while low death rate leads to increase in population. When medical services are poor, mortality rate tends to increase. High rate of infant mortality leads to a decrease in population.

(1biii)
Birth rate: Birth rate is also known as Natality rate. It refers to the rate at which children are being given birth to in that country. Generally, high birth rate may lead to an increase in population or overpopulation while low birth rate can lead to low population. As a result of improved medical services, death rate has reduced while birth rate has improved. Improved standard of living encourages men to marry more wives, thereby increasing birth rate.

(1biv)
Population density: Population density is defined as the number of persons per unit area of land or per square kilometer of land. Population density of a country can be expressed mathematically as
Population density=Total population /land Area
(ii) Total population = population density × land area
(iii) Land area= Total population / population density.

(1c)
(PROBLEM)
(i)Unemployment
(ii)Increase in crime rate and social vices like prostitution, kidnapping, robbery
(iii)Traffic congestion in terms of pollution

(SOLUTIONS)
(i)Creation of more industries and empowerment skills acquisition programme
(ii)Creation of more adequate trained security personnel and relates with technology in terms of CCTV cameras installments in all areas of the city to know everything that is going on 24/7
(iii)Expansion of roads and creation or constructing of new roads to make free and easy flow of motorist
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(2a)
(i)Export and Import of goods: Goods produced in Nigeria are exported to other countries through seaports. Also, goods purchased from other countries are also brought into the country through the seaports thereby promoting international trade.
(ii)Raw materials for industries: Through seaports, raw materials are imported for industries eg Iron ore from Liberia for iron and steel complex in Abeokuta.
(iii)Employment opportunities and fishing: Seaports provides jobs for many people through various activities within the Port eg clearing agents, exporters, and importers. The development of seaports further promotes intensive fishing around the port which also help to reduce unemployment
(iv)Revenue to government and tourism centre: Tariffs and demurrage from imported goods safe source of revenue to the government. Seaports are also centre’s of tourist attraction.

(2b)
(i)Problem caused by water weeds such as water hyacinths.
(ii)Problems of smugglers
(iii)Inadequate port facilities
(iv)Problem of port congestion

(2c)
(i)Security personnel should be trained and equipped to check the activities of smugglers
(ii)Permanent solution should be made known ọ check the growth of water hyacinths and its attendant problems.
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(3a)
(i)Traffic congestions: Cluster of industries leads to congestions in traffic, industries, and Housing
(ii)Shortage of social amenities: Concentration of industries pave way for the shortage of social amenities as a result of competition
(iii)Environmental pollution: It causes environmental pollution due to the presence of so many industries.
(iv)Uneven development: The presence of many industries in a particular place causes uneven development especially in areas where industries are not found.

(3b)
(Choose Any four)
(i)To discourage rural-urban migration
(ii)Provision of employment to skilled and unskilled labour
(iii)Increased production of goods
(iv)Increased earning for rural people
(v)Development of rural areas.
(vi)It also encourages urban-rural migration
==================================================

(5a)
(i)H.E.P. (hydro electric power) hydro electric power is the generation of electricity from water. This is achieved through damming of rivers and the use of river water to turn or drive turbines. An example of H.E.P generation in Nigeria is kainji dam on river Niger Nigeria.

(ii)Coal: A coal-fired power station or coal plant is a thermal power station which burns coal to generate electricity, Example can be found in Kogi and Enugu State with a capacity of 2000MW with 1000mw in each.

(iii)Gas-fired power plant: A gas-fired plant is a thermal power station which burns natural gas to generate electricity. An example can be located in Calabar with 561MW, Egbema power plant in Imo state with 338MW, and Egbin thermal power station location in Egbin with 1320MW.

(5b)
(i)Inadequate capital to construct and maintain power generation: Due to lack of funding by the federal government to power supply generation it affects the static power supply and makes the power supply in Nigeria to be floating

(ii)Low level of technology: Low level of technology affect power generation in Nigeria due to low level and we are still following manual method that makes it difficult to have static power supply especially in Gasoline and coal power generation.

(iii)Seasonal floating of river: the volume of river water increases during drying season and reduces during drying season makes power generation to be floating in Nigeria

(5c)
(i)Proper funding to the generation of power supply in Nigeria by adding a good amount of money during budgeting.
(ii)There should be adequate and proper skilled labour that can handle and execute power generation in terms of technology. The government should train its personnel technology known how.
==================================================

(6a)
(i)Increase in Gross National Product (GNP): Industrial sector through its operation like payment of taxes, increases the earnings accruing to the nation.
(ii)Infrastructural development: The establishment of an industry in a place stimulate the development of infrastructures like road, telephone, electricity, and pipe-borne water.
(iii)Diversification of the economy: The industrial sector helps in different countries to prevent over-dependence on only one product like the present Nigeria’s over-dependence on crude oils

(6b)
(i)Poor management
(ii)Inadequate transport and communication facilities
(iii)Shortage of raw materials
(iv)Inadequate power supply

(6c)
(i)Stable government and good government policies
(ii)Provision of transports and communications facilities
(iii)There should be exploitation of raw materials locally for industries
(iv)Establishment of more power plants such as Thermal or hydroelectricity plants.
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COMPLETED – GOODLUCK

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